Hindu Poet, Dewi Roop Kapoor for Panjetan

Gandhi on Jews & Middle-East

A Non-Violent Look at Conflict & Violence

Article Written on November 20, 1938Published in Harijan on November 26, 1938This Web Page Last Updated: January 15,2009

It is of utmost importance to remember the time of this writing. It is 1938, Hitler is ruling Germany, and the clouds of a terrible conflict have begun to form. Gandhi's article shows his incredible sense of right and wrong, his blind faith in his methodology, and his profound vision of things to come. -Ed.

by Mohandas K. Gandhi

Several letters have been received by me asking me to declare my views about the Arab-Jew question in Palestine and the persecution of the Jews in Germany. It is not without hesitation that I venture to offer my views on this very difficult question.

My sympathies are all with the Jews. I have known them intimately in South Africa. Some of them became life-long companions. Through these friends I came to learn much of their age-long persecution. They have been the untouchables of Christianity. The parallel between their treatment by Christians and the treatment of untouchables by Hindus is very close. Religious sanction has been invoked in both cases for the justification of the inhuman treatment meted out to them. Apart from the friendships, therefore, there is the more common universal reason for my sympathy for the Jews.

But my sympathy does not blind me to the requirements of justice. The cry for the national home for the Jews does not make much appeal to me. The sanction for it is sought in the Bible and the tenacity with which the Jews have hankered after return to Palestine. Why should they not, like other peoples of the earth, make that country their home where they are born and where they earn their livelihood?

Palestine belongs to the Arabs in the same sense that England belongs to the English or France to the French. It is wrong and inhuman to impose the Jews on the Arabs. What is going on in Palestine today cannot be justified by any moral code of conduct. The mandates have no sanction but that of the last war. Surely it would be a crime against humanity to reduce the proud Arabs so that Palestine can be restored to the Jews partly or wholly as their national home.
The nobler course would be to insist on a just treatment of the Jews wherever they are born and bred. The Jews born in France are French in precisely the same sense that Christians born in France are French. If the Jews have no home but Palestine, will they relish the idea of being forced to leave the other parts of the world in which they are settled? Or do they want a double home where they can remain at will? This cry for the national home affords a colorable justification for the German expulsion of the Jews.

But the German persecution of the Jews seems to have no parallel in history. The tyrants of old never went so mad as Hitler seems to have gone. And he is doing it with religious zeal. For he is propounding a new religion of exclusive and militant nationalism in the name of which many inhumanity becomes an act of humanity to be rewarded here and hereafter. The crime of an obviously mad but intrepid youth is being visited upon his whole race with unbelievable ferocity. If there ever could be a justifiable war in the name of and for humanity, a war against Germany, to prevent the wanton persecution of a whole race, would be completely justified. But I do not believe in any war. A discussion of the pros and cons of such a war is therefore outside my horizon or province.

But if there can be no war against Germany, even for such a crime as is being committed against the Jews, surely there can be no alliance with Germany. How can there be alliance between a nation which claims to stand for justice and democracy and one which is the declared enemy of both? Or is England drifting towards armed dictatorship and all it means?
Germany is showing to the world how efficiently violence can be worked when it is not hampered by any hypocrisy or weakness masquerading as humanitarianism. It is also showing how hideous, terrible and terrifying it looks in its nakedness.

Can the Jews resist this organized and shameless persecution? Is there a way to preserve their self-respect, and not to feel helpless, neglected and forlorn? I submit there is. No person who has faith in a living God need feel helpless or forlorn. Jehovah of the Jews is a God more personal than the God of the Christians, the Musalmans or the Hindus, though, as a matter of fact in essence, He is common to all the one without a second and beyond description. But as the Jews attribute personality to God and believe that He rules every action of theirs, they ought not to feel helpless. If I were a Jew and were born in Germany and earned my livelihood there, I would claim Germany as my home even as the tallest gentile German may, and challenge him to shoot me or cast me in the dungeon; I would refuse to be expelled or to submit to discriminating treatment . And for doing this, I should not wait for the fellow Jews to join me in civil resistance but would have confidence that in the end the rest are bound to follow my example. If one Jew or all the Jews were to accept the prescription here offered, he or they cannot be worse off than now. And suffering voluntarily undergone will bring them an inner strength and joy which no number of resolutions of sympathy passed in the world outside Germany can. Indeed, even if Britain, France and America were to declare hostilities against Germany, they can bring no inner joy, no inner strength. The calculated violence of Hitler may even result in a general massacre of the Jews by way of his first answer to the declaration of such hostilities. But if the Jewish mind could be prepared for voluntary suffering, even the massacre I have imagined could be turned into a day of thanksgiving and joy that Jehovah had wrought deliverance of the race even at the hands of the tyrant. For to the god fearing, death has no terror. It is a joyful sleep to be followed by a waking that would be all the more refreshing for the long sleep.

It is hardly necessary for me to point out that it is easier for the Jews than for the Czechs to follow my prescription. And they have in the Indian satyagraha campaign in South Africa an exact parallel. There the Indians occupied precisely the same place that the Jews occupy in Germany. The persecution had also a religious tinge. President Kruger used to say that the white Christians were the chosen of God and Indians were inferior beings created to serve the whites. A fundamental clause in the Transvaal constitution was that there should be no equality between the whites and colored races including Asia tics. There too the Indians were consigned to ghettos described as locations. The other disabilities were almost of the same type as those of the Jews in Germany. The Indians, a mere handful, resorted to satyagraha without any backing from the world outside or the Indian Government. Indeed the British officials tried to dissuade the satyagrahis (soldiers of non-violence) from their contemplated step. World opinion and the Indian Government came to their aid after eight years of fighting. And that too was by way of diplomatic pressure not of a threat of war.

But the Jews of Germany can offer satyagraha under infinitely better auspices than Indians of South Africa. The Jews are a compact, homogeneous community in Germany. they are far more gifted than the Indians of South Africa. And they have organized world opinion behind them. I am convinced that if someone with courage and vision can arise among them to lead them in nonviolent action, the winter of their despair can in the twinkling of an eye be turned into the summer of hope. And what has today become a degrading man-hunt can be turned in to a calm and determined stand offered by unarmed men and women possessing the strength of suffering given to them by Jehovah. It will be then a truly religious resistance offered against the godless fury of dehumanized man. The German Jews will score a lasting victory over the German gentiles in the sense that they will have converted that latter to an appreciation of human dignity. They will have rendered service to fellow-Germans and proved their title to be the real Germans as against those who are today dragging, however unknowingly, the German name into the mire.

And now a word to the Jews in Palestine. I have no doubt that they are going about it the wrong way. The Palestine of the Biblical conception is not geographical tract. It is in their hearts. But if they must look to the Palestine of geography as their national home, it is wrong to enter it under the shadow of the British gun. A religious act cannot be performed with the aid of the bayonet or the bomb. They can settle in Palestine only by the goodwill of the Arabs. They should seek to convert the Arab heart. The same God rules the Arab heart, who rules the Jewish heart. They can offer satyagraha in front of the Arabs and offer themselves to be shot or thrown in to the Dead Sea without raising a little finger against them. They will find the world opinion in the their favor in their religious aspiration. There are hundreds of ways of reasoning with the Arabs, if they will only discard the help of the British bayonet. As it is, they are co-sharers with the British in despoiling a people who have done no wrong to them.

I am not defending the Arab excesses. I wish they had chosen the way of non-violence in resisting what they rightly regarded as an unwarrantable encroachment upon their country. But according to the accepted canons of right and wrong, nothing can be said against the Arab resistance in the face of overwhelming odds.

Let the Jews who claim to be the chosen race prove their title by choosing the way of non-violence for vindicating their position on earth. Every country is their home including Palestine, not by aggression but by loving service. A Jewish friend has sent me a book called The Jewish Contribution to Civilization by Cecil Roth. It gives a record of what the Jews have done to enrich the word's Literature, art, music, drama, science, medicine, agriculture, etc. Given the will, the Jews can refuse to be treated as the outcaste of the West, to be despised or patronized. He can command the attention and respect of the world by being man, the chosen creation of God, instead of being man who is fast sinking to the brute and forsaken by God. They can add to their many contributions the surpassing contribution of non-violent action.
© 1987 Navajivan Trust.

Zaradari and his spellings

I posted an image where Zaradari failed to pass his Kindergarden. This is a followup on that fiasco.

Mr. Ardeshir Cowasjee's advice to Mr. Zardari: Appoint a good Education Minister ASAP. At least we can ensure that our future leaders know how to spell correctly.

So it turns out President Asif Ali Zardari did make the spelling mistake in the sentence 'May Goad [God] give us the strut [strength] to save Pakistan', which he wrote on Aug. 14 in Karachi at Quaid-e-Azam's Mausoleum.

It turns out President Zardari's men were ordered to remove the page from the Visitors' Book after the scandal broke out in the media when someone circulated the page copy online.

The President's media managers sprung into action and denied Mr. Zardari ever made those spelling errors. FIA's National Response Center for Cyber Crimes (NR3C), which is otherwise a very professional unit, was given the sloppy assignment of hunting down the person who distributed the email with presidential spelling errors. But, seizing the opportunity, the government decided to also hunt down those distributing harmless jokes on President Zardari through SMS text messages and personal emails.

The revelation that Mr. Zardari's spelling mistake is true and not a hoax comes in the latest column by Ardeshir Cowasjee, the granddaddy of Pakistani column-writing community. It turns out Mr. Cowasjee was one of the last people to actually visit the Mausoleum and take photocopies of the pages in the visitors' book on the day President Zardari and his entourage came down and jotted their impressions. Later, according to the veteran columnist, men apparently sent by the President came and tore away two pages from the book and made a new entry in Mr. Zardari's name where the spelling was correct.

Here's how Mr. Cowasjee describes it:

"Now, back to this September 12 when I went to the Mazar and asked the keepers to let me have photocopies of what had been written by the September 11 visiting 'dignitaries' in the visitors' book. I was given copies of remarks recorded by the president, the Sindh governor and the Sindh chief minister. Subsequently, on September 14, I wrote in my column: "Recorded by Asif, in illegible handwriting resembling that of a stressed physician, were the words "May Gaad [sic] give us the street [sic] to save Pakistan."

The internet then took over, and messages attaching a photocopy of what had been written were flashed around the world. The spooks sprang into action. They removed from the 100-page book the double-page on which Zardari's message and that of the Karachi station commander were recorded, leaving 98 pages in the book in which visitors will now record their views, and on a fresh page rewrote Zardari's message correcting the two misspelled words.

On September 26, on the back page of, a news item under the heading 'Zardari's misspelled remarks proved fabricated' reproduced images of the original page and the rewritten new page, informing readers that "Some hidden hands have sent an email … claiming that the President had misspelled the words God and strength. However a verification of this matter revealed that the campaign was a venomous propaganda against President Zardari … It was distressing to note that a senior English-language columnist did not bother to verify the facts and added fuel to fire in his column while referring to this fabricated story."

This was picked up and their report on the 'outrage' was printed on September 27 under the heading 'Spokesman slams malicious campaign against Zardari' and in The Nation under the heading 'Propaganda against Zardari 'malicious'', both telling us that "The presidential spokesman has taken strong exception to a malicious campaign initiated by some anti-democratic elements to tarnish the image of President Asif Ali Zardari."

Not to be outdone, that same day an editorial in The under the heading 'A shameful forgery' commented on the original Nation report of the 26th. It opened up: "The past week has seen a vicious electronic and press campaign maligning President Asif Ali Zardari through a forgery", and reproduced the comments about hidden hands and the columnist.

This was all very unnecessary and somewhat foolish to draw even more attention to the matter. The initial news report did no favour to the president, and neither did the amateur 'presidential spokesman' who would have done better to remain silent. Admitting that fuel had been added to fire indicates that indeed a fire burns (or even rages) when it comes to the matter of Zardari's image.

Unfortunately, for him and for us as a nation, his image has not been exactly shining since the early 1990s. Botheration and concern about his image is nothing new, but it has all been enhanced since the tragic assassination of his wife, his usurpation in her name of the largest (apart from the army) political party of this country, and his subsequent indirect election through the various assemblies and senate to the post of head of state.

The image took further hefty knocks when he decided to do his bit for his relationship with the US and attend the UNGA meeting and address it (Benazir's photo carried in and placed by him on the rostrum). His behaviour, as reported in our press and in the international press and as commented upon in detail by the American media, did little to enhance the image. So be it.

Now, what he should do is appoint a federal education minister in double-quick time so that the upcoming citizens and leaders of this country at least learn how to spell correctly."

Now that Mr. Cowasjee has settled the matter, it is important to mention why we are posting this report. Besides the very important issue of the quality of our 'leaders' and their spelling errors [Honestly, with far more serious flaws like corruption and ineptitude, we feel good spelling skills is the least of our politicians' troubles.] there is another more important issue regarding what President Zardari wrote in the book on that day.

A more urgent question is this: Why did the President, on Aug. 14 of all days, when someone like him is supposed to revive people's patriotism, chose the following nine words 'May God give us the strength to save Pakistan'?

Why was the president making such a dire indirect assessment on Pakistan's future on the day Pakistan gained Independence?

Yes we have problems, serious problems. But who said Pakistan is such a hopeless case that it needs someone like Mr. Zardari to 'save' it?

Frankly, if you Google this out, you will discover that the only other person who keeps warning us that Pakistan is 'threatened' in its 'existence' is Gen. David Petraeus, the commander of the U.S. occupation army on our western border. His argument is that Pakistan will end if it does not allow U.S. military to enter Pakistan.

Why would a President say 'God help us save Pakistan' on our Independence Day?


Ahmed Quraish

heaven on earth

Sometimes I wake up in the middle of the night. I have this recurring dream.

Its vivid. Im a doctor. I am trying to resuscitate a new born child. An infant . A small warm piece of heaven in front of me. I try . But I fail … And as glance at the wall to note down the time of death, I see the parents. Reflected in the wall clock. The rest of the dream is a myriad of motion .Me trying to tell them that I couldn’t save their heaven on earth.

I failed.